BIBLIOGRAPHY/CITATIONS
Note: MLA abbreviates all months excect for May, June and July. For example, “February” is “Feb.”
Book
Structure:
Last, First M. Book. City: Publisher, Year Published. Medium.
Example:
Carley, Michael J. 1939: The Alliance That Never Was and the Coming of World War II. Chicago: Dee, 1999. Print.
Chapter/Anthology
Structure:
Last, First M. “Section Title.” Book/Anthology, Ed. First M. Last. Edition. City: Publisher, Year Published. Page(s). Medium.
Example:
Melville, Herman. “Hawthorne and His Mosses.” The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. 3rd ed. New York: Norton, 1989. 5-25. Print.
*Note: Essays, shorts stories, and poems are put in quotes. Works originally published independently such as plays and novels generally are italicized.
Magazine
Structure:
Last, First M. “Article Title.” Magazine Title Date Month Year Published: Page(s). Medium.
Example:
Pressman, Aaron. “Bottom Fishing in Rough Waters.” BusinessWeek 29 Sept. 2008: 27. Print.
Newspaper
Structure:
Last, First M. “Article Title.” Newspaper Title [City] Date Month Year Published: Page(s). Medium.
Example:
Campoy, Ana. “Gasoline Surges in Southeast After Ike.” The Wall Street Journal 23 Sept. 2008: A14. Print.
*Note: Only include [City] if it is not in the title. Do not include if the newspaper is well known or nationally published.
Journal
Structure:
Last, First M., and First M. Last. “Article Title.” Journal Title Series Volume.Issue (Year Published): Page(s). Medium.
Example:
Bharadwaj, Parag, and Katerine T. Ward. “Ethical Considerations of Patients with Pacemakers.”American Family Physician 78 (2008): 398-99. Print.
Website
Structure:
Last, First M. “Article Title.” Website Title. Website Publisher, Date Month Year Published. Web. Date Month Year Accessed.
Example:
Satalkar, Bhakti. “Water Aerobics.” Buzzle.com. 15 July 2010. Web. 16 July 2010.
*Note: URL is optional unless the source cannot be located without it or if required by your instructor.
Online Database (Journal)
Structure:
Last, First M. “Article Title.” Journal Title Series Volume.Issue (Year Published): Page(s). Database Name. Web. Date Month Year Accessed.
Example:
Ahn, Hyunchul, and Kyoung-jae Kim. “Using Genetic Algorithms to Optimize Nearest Neighbors for Data Mining.” Annals of Operations Research 263.1 (2008): 5-18. Academic Search Premier. Web. 25 Sept. 2008.
*Note: URL is optional unless the source cannot be located without it or if required by your instructor.
TV/Radio
Structure:
“Episode.” Contributors. Program. Network. Call Letter, City, Date. Medium.
Example:
“The Saudi Experience.” Prod. Mary Walsh. Sixty Minutes. CBS. WCBS, New York, 5 May 2009. Television.
Film
Structure:
Title. Dir. First M. Last and First M. Last. Perf. First M. Last, First M. Last, and First M. Last. Distributor, Year Published. Media Type.
Example:
The Dark Knight. Dir. Christopher Nolan. Perf. Christian Bale, Heath Ledger, and Aaron Eckhart. Warner Bros., 2008. DVD.
Sound Recording
Structure:
Contributors. “Song.” Album. Band. Manufacturer, Year. Medium.
Example:
Corgan, Billy, and Butch Vig. “Today.” Siamese Dream. Smashing Pumpkins. Virgins Records America, 1993. CD.
Visual Art / Photograph
Structure:
Last, First M. Title. Year Created. Medium. Museum/Institution, Location.
Example:
Picasso, Pablo. Three Musicians. 1921. Oil on panel. Museum of Modern Art, New York.
Lecture / Speech
Structure:
Last, First M. “Speech.” Meeting / Organization. Location. Date. Description.
Example:
Obama, Barack H. “Inaugural Address.” 2009 Presidential Inaugural. Capitol Building, Washington, D.C. 20 Jan. 2009. Address.
Interview
MLA:
Interviewee. “Title.” Interview by interviewer. Publication information. Medium.
Example:
Abdul, Paula. Interview by Cynthia McFadden. Nightline. ABC. WABC, New York. 23 Apr. 2009. Television.
Cartoon
Structure:
Last, First M. “Title.” Cartoon / Comic strip. Publication information. Medium.
Example:
Trudeau, Garry. “Doonesbury.” Comic strip. New York Times 8 May 2008: 12. Print.
Book
Structure:
Last, First M. Book. City: Publisher, Year Published. Medium.
Example:
Carley, Michael J. 1939: The Alliance That Never Was and the Coming of World War II. Chicago: Dee, 1999. Print.
Chapter/Anthology
Structure:
Last, First M. “Section Title.” Book/Anthology, Ed. First M. Last. Edition. City: Publisher, Year Published. Page(s). Medium.
Example:
Melville, Herman. “Hawthorne and His Mosses.” The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. 3rd ed. New York: Norton, 1989. 5-25. Print.
*Note: Essays, shorts stories, and poems are put in quotes. Works originally published independently such as plays and novels generally are italicized.
Magazine
Structure:
Last, First M. “Article Title.” Magazine Title Date Month Year Published: Page(s). Medium.
Example:
Pressman, Aaron. “Bottom Fishing in Rough Waters.” BusinessWeek 29 Sept. 2008: 27. Print.
Newspaper
Structure:
Last, First M. “Article Title.” Newspaper Title [City] Date Month Year Published: Page(s). Medium.
Example:
Campoy, Ana. “Gasoline Surges in Southeast After Ike.” The Wall Street Journal 23 Sept. 2008: A14. Print.
*Note: Only include [City] if it is not in the title. Do not include if the newspaper is well known or nationally published.
Journal
Structure:
Last, First M., and First M. Last. “Article Title.” Journal Title Series Volume.Issue (Year Published): Page(s). Medium.
Example:
Bharadwaj, Parag, and Katerine T. Ward. “Ethical Considerations of Patients with Pacemakers.”American Family Physician 78 (2008): 398-99. Print.
Website
Structure:
Last, First M. “Article Title.” Website Title. Website Publisher, Date Month Year Published. Web. Date Month Year Accessed.
Example:
Satalkar, Bhakti. “Water Aerobics.” Buzzle.com. 15 July 2010. Web. 16 July 2010.
*Note: URL is optional unless the source cannot be located without it or if required by your instructor.
Online Database (Journal)
Structure:
Last, First M. “Article Title.” Journal Title Series Volume.Issue (Year Published): Page(s). Database Name. Web. Date Month Year Accessed.
Example:
Ahn, Hyunchul, and Kyoung-jae Kim. “Using Genetic Algorithms to Optimize Nearest Neighbors for Data Mining.” Annals of Operations Research 263.1 (2008): 5-18. Academic Search Premier. Web. 25 Sept. 2008.
*Note: URL is optional unless the source cannot be located without it or if required by your instructor.
TV/Radio
Structure:
“Episode.” Contributors. Program. Network. Call Letter, City, Date. Medium.
Example:
“The Saudi Experience.” Prod. Mary Walsh. Sixty Minutes. CBS. WCBS, New York, 5 May 2009. Television.
Film
Structure:
Title. Dir. First M. Last and First M. Last. Perf. First M. Last, First M. Last, and First M. Last. Distributor, Year Published. Media Type.
Example:
The Dark Knight. Dir. Christopher Nolan. Perf. Christian Bale, Heath Ledger, and Aaron Eckhart. Warner Bros., 2008. DVD.
Sound Recording
Structure:
Contributors. “Song.” Album. Band. Manufacturer, Year. Medium.
Example:
Corgan, Billy, and Butch Vig. “Today.” Siamese Dream. Smashing Pumpkins. Virgins Records America, 1993. CD.
Visual Art / Photograph
Structure:
Last, First M. Title. Year Created. Medium. Museum/Institution, Location.
Example:
Picasso, Pablo. Three Musicians. 1921. Oil on panel. Museum of Modern Art, New York.
Lecture / Speech
Structure:
Last, First M. “Speech.” Meeting / Organization. Location. Date. Description.
Example:
Obama, Barack H. “Inaugural Address.” 2009 Presidential Inaugural. Capitol Building, Washington, D.C. 20 Jan. 2009. Address.
Interview
MLA:
Interviewee. “Title.” Interview by interviewer. Publication information. Medium.
Example:
Abdul, Paula. Interview by Cynthia McFadden. Nightline. ABC. WABC, New York. 23 Apr. 2009. Television.
Cartoon
Structure:
Last, First M. “Title.” Cartoon / Comic strip. Publication information. Medium.
Example:
Trudeau, Garry. “Doonesbury.” Comic strip. New York Times 8 May 2008: 12. Print.